Storage Overview

Computer Data Storage

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_data_storage


Parity bit

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parity_bit

Single-ended signaling v.s. Differential signaling




SAMBA (SMB - Sever Message Block)

一個讓 Windows 系統存取 Linux 檔案系統的 protocol, 鳥哥對此有很好的介紹. 他也提到, CIFS (Common Internet File System) 和 NFS (Network File System) 只在 Windows 或 Unix 裡面互通。不過，NFS 僅能讓 Unix 機器溝通， CIFS 只能讓 Windows 機器溝通。

Scale out & Scale up

Scale Out (Scale horizontally)橫向擴展，向外擴展
e.g. 我們向原有的web, 郵件系統添加一個新機器
Scale Up (Scale vertically)縱向擴展，向上擴展
e.g. 我們向原有的機器添加CPU, 內存

無論是Scale out, Scale up, Scale in，實際上就是一種架構的概念，這些概念可以用在儲存上, 數據庫上, 網路上等。

Storage Virtualization



Storage Performance Council (SPC-1)



Storage Service


Storage Architecture

  • DAS
    • A external storage system directly attached to a server without a storage network in between
    • Interface : SCSI, SAS, , iSCSI, FC, PCI-E
    • Block-Level access
    • Internal DAS
    • External DAS
  • SAN
    • A network of storage devices that can be accessed by multiple servers
    • Block-Level access
    • FC SAN
    • iSCSI SAN
    • Hybrid SAN
    • Others
  • NAS


FC-SAN v.s. IP SAN
  • Performance
    • High v.s. Low
  • TCO (Total cost of Ownership)
    • High v.s. Low
  • Manager Expertise
    • High v.s. Low
  • Host Components
    • FC HBA v.s. iSCSI HBA or NIC + software initiators
  • Networking Components
    • FC Switch, FC Cables v.s. Ethernet Switch, Ethernet Cables
  • Storage Components
    • FC-Host Storage v.s. iSCSI Host Storage

RAID Levels

  • See 儲存產品暨產業基本概要
  • JBOD (Just a Bunch Of Disks)
  • NRAID (Non-RAID, SPAN)
    • Link all of the drives in a sequence
  • RAID 0
    • Striping
  • RAID 1
    • Mirroring
  • RAID 3
    • Disk Striping with Dedicated Parity Disk
  • RAID 5
    • Disk Striping with Interspersed Parity Disk
  • RAID 6
    • Disk Striping with Two Interspersed Parity Disk
  • RAID 10
  • RAID 30
  • RAID 50

Physical Drive, Logical Drive, Logical Volume (Pool)

e.g. A physical drive partitioned into three logical drive C:, D:, E:

Logical Drive (LD): Simply an array of independent physical drives

Logical Volume (Pool)(LV) :  A LV is composed of one or several logical drives, the member logical drives can be the same RAID level or different RAID levels.

Partitions (Virtual Volume)(VV): The LV can be divided into partitions.

During operation, the hose sees
1) a non-partitioned LV or
2) a partition of a partitioned LV as one single physical drive


Cylinder, Head, Sector

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylinder-head-sector

Write Back Cache v.s. Write Through Cache (Write v.s. Read)

WriteThrough:每次遇到寫入指令時都會真正將資料寫入記憶體中
WriteBack:遇到寫入指令時先不將資料寫入記憶體中,而是將 Cache 內儲存的該筆資料標示為已更改,等系統閒置時或該記憶體位址將被其他重複率更高的位址取代時,才真正將資料回寫
WriteThrough 的特點是效率較差,但安全性高,WriteBack 則正好相反反


Master Boot Record (MBR) v.s. GUID Partition Table (GPT)

http://www.petri.co.il/gpt-vs-mbr-based-disks.htm#

Multipath I/O

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multipath_I/O


Tagged Command Queuing (TCQ)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tagged_Command_Queuing


Self-Monitoring, Analysis and Reporting Technology (S.M.A.R.T.)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S.M.A.R.T.


Fibre Channel

** Ports
=> A port in fibre channel terminology is any entity that actively communicates over the network, not necessarily a hardware port
=> http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibre_Channel#Ports

Topologies
=> FC_P2P : point to point
=> FC_AL : arbitrated loop
=> FC_SW : swiched fabric

AL_PA: Arbitrated Loop. Physical Address
=> Each device communicating on an arbitrated loop


World Wide Name (WWN)

=>   Each device node has a WWNN
=>   All ports share the WWNN, and own a unique WWPN
=>   World Wide Node Name (WWNN)
=>   World Wide Port Name (WWPN)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Name
http://ithelp.ithome.com.tw/question/10009960

Internet Storage Name Service (iSNS)


http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_Storage_Name_Service


Clock synchronization

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clock_synchronization


SCSI command

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SCSI_command


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